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HMS Zephyr (1895)
HMS ''Zephyr'' was one of two s which served with the Royal Navy. She was launched on 10 May 1895 from Hanna, Donald & Wilson at Paisley, Scotland. She served in home waters, and was sold in 1920.
==Construction and design==
HMS ''Zephyr'' was one of two "twenty-seven knotter" torpedo boat destroyers ordered from the Scottish shipyard Hanna, Donald & Wilson on 7 November 1893 as part of the Royal Navy's 1893–1894 construction programme.〔Lyon 2001, p. 75.〕 The Admiralty laid down broad requirements for the destroyers, including a speed of on sea trials, a "turtleback" forecastle and armament, which was to vary depending on whether the ship was to be used in the torpedo boat or gunboat role.〔Lyon 2001, p. 20.〕 As a torpedo boat, the planned armament was a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ( calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), together with a secondary gun armament of three 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. As a gunboat, one of the torpedo tubes could be removed to accommodate a further two six-pounders.〔Lyon 2001, p. 98.〕〔Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.〕〔Friedman 2009, p. 40.〕 Detailed design was left to the builders (although all designs were approved by the Admiralty), resulting in each of the builders producing different designs rather the ships being built to a standard design.〔Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 87.〕〔Manning 1961, p. 39.〕
''Zephyr'' was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of 〔〔Friedman 2009, p. 291.〕 and a draught of .〔Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 92.〕 Displacement was normal and full load.〔 As originally built, the ship was powered by two triple expansion steam engines rated at , fed from two locomotive boilers, with the boilers' outtakes ducted together into a single funnel.〔Lyon 2001, pp. 20–21, 75.〕
''Zephyr'' was laid down at Hanna, Donald & Wilson's Paisley yard on 23 May 1894 and launched on 10 May 1895.〔 The fire-tube locomotive boilers chosen by Hanna, Donald & Wilson, and the two ships were unable to reach the required speed. In August 1897, it was agreed to replace the locomotive boilers with four Reed water-tube boilers, which resulted in the ships' single funnels being removed and replaced by four funnels. Despite the revised machinery, ''Zephyr'' and sister ship were still unable to reach the contract speed of 27 knots, but were eventually accepted into service, with ''Zephyr'' completing in July 1901, the last of the "twenty-seven knotters" to enter service with the Royal Navy.〔Lyon 2001, pp. 75–76.〕〔Friedman 2009, p. 44.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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